6. Hacer crecer la bioeconomía forestal mediante el uso circular y los productos de valor añadido

En 2018, Oliver Reinhard, jeune étudiant en sciences forestières, a découvert que la plupart des charbons de barbecue achetés en Suisse proviennent de pays lointains comme la Pologne ou la Namibie.
Les sources sont souvent obscures et la qualité inférieure, ce qui signifie que beaucoup de fumée et de gaz d'échappement nocifs sont produits lors de la combustion.
Oliver a résolu le problème en produisant son propre charbon de bois à partir des déchets d'une scierie voisine et en utilisant une cornue qui exclut totalement l'oxygène. Ce charbon de bois produit localement se vend bien auprès des clients soucieux du développement durable et des professionnels du barbecue.

In 2018, Oliver Reinhard, a young forest science student, discovered that most barbecue charcoal bought in Switzerland comes from faraway countries such as Poland or Namibia.
The sources are often obscure and the quality inferior, meaning that a lot of smoke and harmful exhaust gases are produced during combustion.
Oliver has solved the problem by producing his own charcoal from waste from a neighboring sawmill and using a retort with complete exclusion of oxygen. This locally produced barbecue charcoal sells well to sustainability-conscious customers and barbecue professionals.

Der junge Studierende der Waldwissenschaften Oliver Reinhard hat 2018 festgestellt, dass die meiste Grillkohle, die in der Schweiz gekauft wird, aus dem fernen Ausland, z.b. Polen oder Namibia kommt.
Oft sind die Quellen undurchsichtig und die Qualität minderwertig, d.h. beim Verbrennen entsteht viel Rauch und schädliche Abgase.
Das Problem hat Oliver so gelöst, das er nun selbst Grillkohle produziert und zwar aus Abfällen einer benachbarten Sägerei und mit einer Retorte mit komplettem Sauerstoff-Ausschluss. Dies lokal produzierte Grillkohle findet guten Absatz bei auf Nachhaltigkeit bedachten Kunden und bei Grillprofis.

Osnovni cilj projekta je razviti pelet na temelju inovativnih predtretmana šumske i/ili poljoprivredne biomase te drvnog ostatka iz proizvodnje furnira koji bi zadovoljavao najviše kvalitativne standarde i bio energetski efikasniji od peleta koje možemo danas pronaći na tržištu, a koji bi se mogao koristiti u sustavima grijanja kućanstava i manjih javnih ustanova. Pelet izrađen iz biomase, kao najpovoljniji oblik čvrstih biogoriva, definiran je kao stlačeni valjkasti proizvod visoke ogrjevne vrijednosti koji pri korištenju pruža autonomiju sličnu prirodnom plinu i ulju za loženje. Sirovine koje će se koristiti u projektnim aktivnostima su šumska biomasa lošijih kvalitativnih razreda (hrastovina, jasenovina i topolovina), žetveni ostaci poljoprivrednih kultura (kukuruz, soja i suncokret) te drvni ostaci iz proizvodnje furnira. Predtretiranjem biomase proizvesti će se peleti sa smanjenim udjelom mineralnih tvari (pepela), povećanom ogrjevnom vrijednošću te boljim različitim fizikalnim i mehaničkim svojstvima s ciljem postizanja tržišnih najviših stupnjeva kvalitete. Nastavno, inopeleti će svojim poboljšanim visokoenergetskim svojstvima smanjiti maseni i volumni utrošak potrebnog goriva tijekom sezone grijanja čime bi se posljedično smanjili i transportni troškovi te potreban skladišni prostor. Osim toga, poboljšani peleti bili bi otporniji na vlagu čime bi se smanjila opasnost od gubitka kvalitete kao olakšali uvjeti za njegovo skladištenje. 

The main goal of the project is to develop a pellet based on innovative pretreatments of forest and/or agricultural biomass and wood residue from veneer production that would meet the highest qualitative standards and be more energy efficient than pellets that can be found on the market today, and which could be used in heating systems of households and smaller public institutions. Pellets made from biomass, as the most favorable form of solid biofuels, are defined as a compressed cylindrical product with a high calorific value that, when used, provides autonomy similar to natural gas and heating oil. The raw materials that will be used in the project activities are forest biomass of lower quality classes (oak, ash and poplar), harvest residues of agricultural crops (corn, soybeans and sunflower) and wood residues from veneer production. Biomass pretreatment will produce pellets with a reduced content of mineral substances (ash), increased calorific value and better various physical and mechanical properties with the aim of achieving the highest market quality levels. Furthermore, with its improved high-energy properties, inopellets will reduce the mass and volume consumption of the necessary fuel during the heating season, which would consequently reduce transportation costs and the necessary storage space. In addition, the improved pellets would be more resistant to moisture, which would reduce the risk of quality loss and facilitate the conditions for its storage.

Svrha projekta jest razviti novu tehnologiju proizvodnje drvenih zidnih obloga te pregradnih i nosivih zidova sa značajnim udjelom furnira hrastovine i piljenih elemenata hrastovine. Cilj projekta jest razviti inovativne drvene zidne obloge i inovativne pregradne i nosive zidove za održivu gradnju. Rezultati istraživanja jesu inovativna modularna drvena zidna obloga od furnira te drveni pregradni i nosivi zid za održivu gradnju stambenih i javnih objekata. Razvijena zidna obloga od furnira imat će funkciju oblaganja klasičnih zidova, ali će istodobno biti i dio razvijenih modularnih pregradnih i nosivih zidova u interijeru drvenih građevina. Razvijeni inovativni zidni dekori proizvodit će se od hrastovog furnira a nosivi zidovi imat će hrastove obloge u interijeru i eksterijeru te predstavljaju novost za tržište makroregije, ali i globalno tržište. Krajnji rezultat industrijskog istraživanja jest koncept gotovih drvenih proizvoda za oblaganje zidova i zelenu gradnju što će se dokazati pažljivim izborom materijala i kontinuiranom provedbom LCA analize na razini materijala, sklopa i gotovog proizvoda te pažljivim kreiranjem dekora koji omogućuju unošenje individualnih, ekoloških i zdravih obilježja prirode, a koji kod korisnika interijera povećavaju osjećaj dobrobiti (tzv. well-being). 

The purpose of the project is to develop  a new technology for the production of wooden wall panels and partitions and load-bearing walls with a significant proportion of oak veneer and sawn oak elements. The goal of the project is to develop innovative wooden wall panels and innovative partitions and load-bearing walls for sustainable construction. The results of the research are an innovative modular wooden veneer wall covering and a wooden partition and load-bearing wall for the sustainable construction of residential and public buildings. The developed veneer wall panels will have the function of covering classic walls, but at the same time it will also be part of the developed modular partitions and load-bearing walls in the interior of wooden buildings. The developed innovative wall decorations will be made of oak veneer, and the load-bearing walls will have oak paneling in the interior and exterior, and represent a novelty for the macro-regional market, as well as the global market. The end result of the industrial research is the concept of finished wooden products for wall panels and green construction, which will be proven by the careful selection of materials and the continuous implementation of LCA analysis at the level of materials, assembly and finished product, as well as the careful creation of decor that allows the introduction of individual, ecological and healthy features of nature, and which increase the feeling of well-being among users of the interior.

Predmetni izum odnosi se na tehničko rješenje (p)ojačavanja hrastovih panela/ploča gdje se nastoji izbjeći ili umanjiti pojava deformacije koja nastaje u uvjetima diferencijalne klime uslijed različitih razina vlage i temperature na pojedinim stranama panela/ploča/vrata. Ova je pojava posebno prisutna kod drvenih ulaznih vrata, ali i kod drugih proizvoda od drva koji se nalaze između različitih klimatskih uvjeta. Kao rezultat ispitivanja i prikupljenih podataka o deformacijama kao rješenje tehničkog problema konstruirana je ojačana i stabilizirana hrastova ploča za opću uporabu i graditeljstvo. Srednji sloj te ploče čini okvir od hrastovih elemenata s ispunom od izolacijskog materijala, koji se obostrano plošno oblaže hrastovom pločom. Između masivne hrastove ploče i hrastove naljepnice umeće se prednapregnuto platno od staklenih ili karbonskih vlakana.
Ovo tehničko rješenje je posebno prikladno za uporabu na granicama sustava vanjske i unutarnje uporabe (eksterijer/interijer), tj. u uvjetima izloženosti diferencijalnoj klimi jer ojačanja u podsloju dopuštaju migraciju vlage i pri tome rezultiraju zanemarivim deformacijama proizvoda. 
Ovo je posebno praktično za elemente većih formata npr. 1200×2600 mm kod kojih su gotovi proizvodi postavljeni vertikalno (ulazna vrata, elementi obloge pročelja, reklamne ploče,…), te pogotovo ako je smjer drvnih vlakana okrenut vodoravno (odnosno gdje je dominantno bubrenje i utezanje drva u širinu).

The subject invention relates to a technical solution for reinforcing oak panels/slabs where one tries to avoid or reduce the phenomenon of deformation that occurs in differential climate conditions due to different levels of moisture and temperature on certain sides of panels/slabs/doors. This phenomenon is especially present in wooden front doors, but also in other wood products that are located between different climatic conditions. As a result of testing and collected data on deformations, a reinforced and stabilized oak board for general use and construction was constructed as a solution to a technical problem. The middle layer of this panel is made of a frame made of oak elements with insulation material, which is covered with an oak panel on both sides. Between the solid oak board and the oak sticker, a pre-stressed cloth made of glass or carbon fibers is inserted. This technical solution is particularly suitable for use at the boundaries of external and internal use systems (exterior/interior), i.e. in conditions of exposure to differential climate, because the reinforcements in the sublayer allow the migration of moisture and thereby result in negligible deformations of the product. This is especially practical for elements of larger formats, e.g. 1200×2600 mm, where the finished products are placed vertically (entrance doors, facade cladding elements, advertising panels,...), and especially if the direction of the wood fibers is turned horizontally (that is, where the dominant swelling and weighting of wood in width).

Vlastné produkty DigiWood s rodinným názvom Nexum sa zameriavajú na uľahčenie vysledovateľnosti od dreva až po dosku alebo hotový produkt koncového zákazníka, integráciu existujúci hardvér a softvér a produkty na analýzu všetkých zozbieraných údajov. Digitálna píla je projekt financovaný spoločnosťou Vinnova a zúčastnenými spoločnosťami Moelven Industrier, RemaSawco, Schneider Electric, RISE a DigiWood.

Cieľom projektu bolo digitalizáciou výrobných a procesných dát píly zvýšiť efektivitu procesu o 15 %, zvýšiť hodnotu produktu o 10 % a znížiť spotrebu energie o 10 %. Digitalizácia je komplikovaný projekt, ktorý si vyžaduje čas a zdroje. Je nevyhnutné zamerať sa na stanovené ciele. Dôkladné plánovanie si vyžaduje: inventarizáciu závodu, inštaláciu po etapách, náročné nasadenie s paralelnými systémami pre nové automatizované pripojenia. Digitalizácia projektov začínajú detailmi, pokračujú detailmi a ešte detailnejšími, s jasnými cieľmi výsledku formovania jednotného celku. Obrovská výzva na zručnosti. Vizualizujte viac, s menším počtom monitorovacích obrazoviek. Prevezmite kontrolu nad tokmi údajov a prevezmite vlastníctvo svojich vlastných údajov. Platformy, ktoré spracúvajú údaje, je potrebné otestovať prostredie predtým. Rôzne systémy, ktoré merajú čas, energiu alebo rozmery, musia byť synchronizované na mieste a s periodicitou kalibrovanou voči "schválené" podobné. Sledovateľnosť v linkách píly sa dá dosiahnuť pomocou redundantných systémov, ktoré merajú dĺžku s pridaním časovej pečiatky. Výpočet ukazuje potenciálny nárast hodnoty približne o 5 miliónov ročne.