Forest

 U zadnjih 10 godina u Hrvatskoj je zabilježeno povećano sušenje hrasta lužnjaka. Zbog nepovoljnog utjecaja oborinskih i podzemnih voda, štetnika, gusjenica, kukaca u Hrvatskoj je sve manji urod šumskog sjemena koji je najbitniji u obnovi površine hrasta lužnjaka.

Digitalizirani sustav mjernih stanica podzemnih voda je razvijen u okviru projekta „Zaštita hrasta lužnjaka u prekograničnoj regiji Mađarska-Hrvatska“. Projektni koordinator je šumarska tvrtka Mecsekerdő Zrt. iz Mađarske, projektni partner su Hrvatske šume d.o.o., Uprava šuma Našice. Sustav sadržava informacije o kretanju vode što je izuzetno bitno za hrast i ostale autohtone vrste u šumama. Sustav mjernih jedinica registrira kretanje podzemnih voda i promjene u tlaku svaka dva sata. Upravitelji šuma mogu koristiti dobivene podatke za uočavanje trenda pada ili povišenja podzemnih voda i pravovremeno reagirati na promjene.

Glavni rezultat projekta "Zaštita hrasta lužnjaka" je instaliranje prekograničnog monitoringa podzemnih voda koji se sastoji od 50 cijevi, automatiziranog praćenja podzemnih voda i meteoroloških podataka. 

In the last ten years, Croatia records an increased number of dried oaks. Due to the adverse effect of rainwater and groundwater, various pests, insects and caterpillars, the yield of forest seed is diminishing which is key in the renewal of oak forest areas. 

Digitalized Groundwater Measuring Station System was developed within the project „Protecting the English Oak in the Hungary-Croatia cross-border region”. Project coordinator was forest company Mecsekerdő Zrt. from Hungary and project partner was Croatian Forest Ltd., Forest administration Našice (Croatia).

System contains information about the movement of water which is very important for oak and other native species in forests. Measuring Station System records groundwater oscillation and changes in pressure and registers new data every two hours. Forest managers can use this information for responding to the trend of decrease or increment of groundwater and timely respond to changes.

The main result of Oak protection project is the installament of cross border groundwater monitoring system, comprised of 50 stationary pipes, automatically recording groundwater and meteorological data. 

LogBuch ermöglicht Datenaggregation direkt im Wald, sowie eine einfache Auswertung und Weiterverarbeitung der Daten.  Die Kombination aus Sprachaufzeichnung und Bluetooth-Button ermöglicht es, freihändig Bäume präzise zu verorten und wichtige Informationen direkt am Baum aufzuzeichnen, wie z. B. Sicherheitshinweise oder Planungen zum Arbeitsverfahren. Die zu erwartende Hiebsmenge kann ermittelt und Sortimente geplant werden. Forstwirte und Harvesterfahrer erhalten detaillierte Informationen, die Vernetzung mit Drittsystemen wird unterstützt. Die Technologie: Ein 2-Frequenz-GNSS-Empfänger wird mit einem Smartphone verbunden, um die aktuelle Position zu ermitteln. Alle gesprochenen Informationen können aufgezeichnet, automatisch transkribiert und klassifiziert sowie die aktuelle Position hinterlegt werden. WLAN wird für den Datenaustausch zwischen Smartphone, Webserver und anderen Benutzern verwendet. Die Daten können als Karte oder Tabelle in georeferenzierten oder nicht referenzierten Formaten (xlsx, GeoJson, shp, GPX, map) exportiert werden. Anwendungen: Präzise Vorbereitung der Holzernte und Aufbau eines digitalen „Warenbestandes“ (Bsp.: „Wertholzkataster“), Flächenaufnahme für Forstförderung / Pflanzflächen durch Verbinden aufgenommener Eckpunkte, Kartierung von Rückegassen durch die Linienfunktion und Speicherung für die Steuerung der Holzernte oder als Zertifizierungsgrundlage, Jagdorganisation, Erfassung von Habitatbäumen etc., sowie Verkehrssicherung.

Portalul online este o metodă automată de identificare a transporturilor de lemn tăiate ilegal din România. Utilizatorii pot observa alerte de la sateliți care indică informații și o dată la câteva zile (între 2 și 7 zile în funcție de satelit) orice modificare a imaginii aeriene asociat cu vegetația forestieră din România. Portalul accesează și baza de date SUMAL a Ministerului Apelor și Pădurilor în timp real. Din această bază de date, sunt extrase informații pentru a fi procesate în sistemul intern, despre documentele de îmbunătățire a recoltelor de lemn, locațiile de unde sunt încărcate transporturile de lemn și informațiile legate de aceste puncte. Permisele privind recoltarea lemnului au fost digitalizate, prin urmare, toată activitatea de recoltare poate fi verificată prin monitorizare prin satelit, în timp ce transporturile trebuie să obțină un cod unic înainte de a părăsi locul de încărcare. codul este obținut numai după ce informațiile de transport au fost introduse în sistem, inclusiv locația în care c a fost solicitată oda.
Portalul, prin dezvoltări ulterioare, conține și un API (set învățat de reguli), care permite accesul automat la toate informațiile prezentate public pe acest portal (straturi, coordonate de transport și metadate conexe, documente de îmbunătățire etc.), astfel încât alte persoane interesate actorii pot face analize care vor duce la oprirea exploatării ilegale. "

Datorită TimFlow este posibil verificarea dacă lemnul exploatat este legal, dacă companiile furnizoare  îndeplinesc cerințele sistemului de due diligence al companiei;  dacă lemnul provine sau nu din zonele tampon ale parcurilor naționale sau din alte zone în care intervenția nu este permisă. Cea mai importantă calitate a sistemului Timflow este nivelul de transparență fără precedent. Toate datele GPS colectate sunt disponibile publicului pe portal și în limba engleză, ceea ce permite părților interesate locale și internaționale să verifice livrările de jurnal. Utilizatorii pot verifica prin Timflow:
- toate transporturile din țară din ultimele 12 luni care au ajuns la porțile gaterelor HS Timber Productions din România;
- informații despre documentele de transport;
- fotografii ale încărcăturii;
- trasee de camioane;
- în plus, utilizatorii pot solicita copii ale documentelor de transport.
În plus, utilizatorii pot solicita copii ale documentelor de transport. Cu ajutorul Timflow, HS Timber Group se asigură că toate expedierile sunt legale, îndeplinesc cerințele sistemului Due Diligence și că lemnul încărcat nu provine din zonele tampon ale parcurilor naționale . Timflow este o parte importantă a sistemului Due Diligence al HS Timber Group, care susține cu fermitate eforturile grupului de a reduce riscul de cherestea neconformă în lanțul de aprovizionare

The Forest-LidaRioja operational group has been formed with the aim of developing a forest inventory and a fuel model map of La Rioja using remote sensing technologies. Among the main practical utilities, we can highlight the importance for improving sustainable forest management, since with accurate and updated data, better decisions can be made and actions in forest areas can be better planned. This project has allowed the development of methodologies and processes for the integration of different sources of information (mainly airborne LiDAR from PNOA 2016 data and OPTICA satellite information). These methods are supported by the development of algorithms that correlate by statistical methods precise terrain data with LiDAR data, requiring the realization of very well calibrated forest plots and measurements located with sub-meter precision in strategic points for each forest species and working area.

The main results of the Forest-LidaRioja Project are:

• Forest inventory of the forests of La Rioja.
• Mapping of fuel models of the forest area of La Rioja to plan preventive forest fire prevention work.
• Study of the evolution of poplar groves in the region and their supply potential.
• Technical training on the products generated for professionals interested in their practical use. 

The products generated are open to the public so that anyone can download and use them.

This tool determines the optimum silvicultural activities to manage multiple products, goods and services such as biomass production, CO2 sequestration, fire risk, water provisioning, climatic resilience or biodiversity, which are simultaneously quantified in time and space for a selected solution. Main advantages include:

• Changing the mono-objective approach in order to include a group of ecosystem goods and services.
• Improving the economic performance of low productive areas by quantifying and valorising other resources that could be remunerated attending to the environmental value.
• Holistic optimization of multiple goods and services out of forest management.
• Adequacy to the specific characteristics of each site.
• Multi-scalar results (plot, forest working unit, catchment, etc.).

C.A.F.E. is a tool that combines eco-hydrologic dynamic simulation with many-criteria optimization, where the user can carry out forest management according to more than one product at the same time, and choose the relevance of each objective/product. This software is capable of working under different climatic regions thanks to the previous calibration of the eco-hydrological simulation. Furthermore, it is possible to modify the spatial scale moving from plot to catchment, integrating a strong biophysical unit. In the same way, simulating different climatic scenarios is also possible. The result is a group of possible solutions among which forest manager can decide and apply.

Postępujące zmiany klimatyczne oraz rozprzestrzenianie się nierodzimych gatunków są główną przyczyną rosnącego zagrożenia degradacji lasów spowodowanej przez różne patogeny i szkodniki. Jednocześnie, w związku z ograniczeniem stosowania środków chemicznych, zwiększa się znaczenie biologicznych metod ochrony i monitorowania drzewostanów. Głównym celem projektu jest rozwój innowacyjnego urządzenia (elektroniczny nos/e-NOS), opartego o szerokopasmowe czujniki elektrochemiczne i sieć neuronową, które wykrywa i analizuje sygnały zapachowe np. feromony wybranych gatunków owadów. Przykładami patogenów i szkodników branych pod uwagę przy rozwoju e-NOSa dla leśnictwa są Dendrolimus Pini (L.) and Phytophthora oomycetes.

Powstały system dostarcza kompleksowych i złożonych danych, które pozwalają na zbudowanie, za pomocą metod sztucznej inteligencji, klasyfikatora neuronów. Opracowane zostało oprogramowanie umożliwiające analizę danych i stworzenie bazy danych – biblioteki sygnałów, które umożliwiają wykrywanie poszukiwanych analitów w terenie. Dla każdej z aplikacji przewidzianej w projekcie (analizy specyficznych zapachów) stworzona została dedykowana matryca sensoryczna.

System e-drewno stworzony został w celu umozliwienia klientom wzięcia udziału w aukcjach surowca w nadleśnictwach bez konieczności fizycznej obecności na aukcji. Obecnie 20% puli drewna dla przedsiebiorców oferowanego przez Lasy Państwowe jest sprzedawane na aukcjach w serwisie e-drewno.pl.

Udział w aukcjach mozliwy jest po dokonaniu rejestracji i otrzymaniu indywidualnego dostepu do systemu. W czasie rejestracji każdy z użytkowników podaje nazwę nadleśnictwa, ze względów praktycznych zaleca się aby było to nadleśnictwo właściwe ze względu na siedzibę lub główne miejsce prowadzenia działalnosci gospodarczej. Wszystkie informacje wymieniane pomiędzy serwerem i komputerem użytkownika są kodowane. Zgłoszone oferty są rejestrowane i umieszczane w rankingu - pozycja na liście zależy od wysokości zaproponowanej ceny, a w przypadku jednakowych cen od kolejności zgłoszenia. W czasie aukcji każdy klient może złozyć nielimitowaną ilość wariantów oferty, można takze modyfikować zgłoszone wcześniej warianty. Zwycięskie oferty moga być zmienione tylko w ograniczonym zakresie. W celu ochrony danych uczestnicy aukcji nie mają wglądu w dane innych przedsiębiorstw uczestniczących w aukcji. System jest łatwy w obsłudze i administracji, oferuje także dostęp do kalkulatora cen i raportów.

Women in Forestry (WiF) was established in 1986 by women studying and working in forestry. The purpose was to increase awareness among women to claim their right to inherit the family forest, and to work for women to be an active and skilled part of the forestry, as well as to build a strong and supportive network between women. Today, the members of WiF are students, forestry workers, forest owners - including former and future owners - supporters and various organisations within forestry or women's rights, and the organisation works with both forestry and gender equality. The activities include building both knowledge and network among the members and other women, by activities such as women crash courses in forestry, field days for immigrant women and annual Forest Conferences with various topics, as well as activities aimed at building knowledge in the society and the forestry, e.g. by participating in audit of the Norwegian PEFC Forest standard to ensure gender equality in both the working group and the revised standard, and other projects on both national and international scales. WiF reaches out to their members and other audience through the use of Facebook and Instagram, as well as their own podcast "Sound of Forestry", where the guests are mainly women, with an "everyday language" to reach also people without knowledge of forestry. The organisation is funded by membership fees, project fundings, governmental grants, sponsorship and sales of consulting services.