Lokal

La prise en compte de l'enjeu carbone dans la gestion forestière prend de plus en plus d'ampleur en France, donnant lieu à des projets de recherche et de développement. Le logiciel Climafor répond à une difficulté: rendre les calculs carbone plus facile d'accès et moins chronophages. Les sources de données utilisées (tables de production, coefficients de calcul) sont aujourd'hui bien connues. Climafor les intègre en un seul outil, qui ne nécessite pas de formation particulière. Les calculs sont instantanés et les résultats utilisables directement dans un projet carbone forestier. Les calculs effectués par le logiciel s'appuient sur des tables de production pour chaque essence et différents coefficients issus de la recherche. Le logiciel sera en amélioration continue par actualisation des différents paramètres et ajout de nouvelles tables. Pour le moment, il est en cours de développement par l'IDF (institut du développement forestier), la branche R&D du CNPF.

 U zadnjih 10 godina u Hrvatskoj je zabilježeno povećano sušenje hrasta lužnjaka. Zbog nepovoljnog utjecaja oborinskih i podzemnih voda, štetnika, gusjenica, kukaca u Hrvatskoj je sve manji urod šumskog sjemena koji je najbitniji u obnovi površine hrasta lužnjaka.

Digitalizirani sustav mjernih stanica podzemnih voda je razvijen u okviru projekta „Zaštita hrasta lužnjaka u prekograničnoj regiji Mađarska-Hrvatska“. Projektni koordinator je šumarska tvrtka Mecsekerdő Zrt. iz Mađarske, projektni partner su Hrvatske šume d.o.o., Uprava šuma Našice. Sustav sadržava informacije o kretanju vode što je izuzetno bitno za hrast i ostale autohtone vrste u šumama. Sustav mjernih jedinica registrira kretanje podzemnih voda i promjene u tlaku svaka dva sata. Upravitelji šuma mogu koristiti dobivene podatke za uočavanje trenda pada ili povišenja podzemnih voda i pravovremeno reagirati na promjene.

Glavni rezultat projekta "Zaštita hrasta lužnjaka" je instaliranje prekograničnog monitoringa podzemnih voda koji se sastoji od 50 cijevi, automatiziranog praćenja podzemnih voda i meteoroloških podataka. 

In the last ten years, Croatia records an increased number of dried oaks. Due to the adverse effect of rainwater and groundwater, various pests, insects and caterpillars, the yield of forest seed is diminishing which is key in the renewal of oak forest areas. 

Digitalized Groundwater Measuring Station System was developed within the project „Protecting the English Oak in the Hungary-Croatia cross-border region”. Project coordinator was forest company Mecsekerdő Zrt. from Hungary and project partner was Croatian Forest Ltd., Forest administration Našice (Croatia).

System contains information about the movement of water which is very important for oak and other native species in forests. Measuring Station System records groundwater oscillation and changes in pressure and registers new data every two hours. Forest managers can use this information for responding to the trend of decrease or increment of groundwater and timely respond to changes.

The main result of Oak protection project is the installament of cross border groundwater monitoring system, comprised of 50 stationary pipes, automatically recording groundwater and meteorological data. 

Forestry crane work is often an isolated and rugged business carried out in challenging temperatures and harsh environments. Hiab’s HiVision™is transforming the working conditions and productivity using virtual reality technology, goggles, external cameras. Precision  and efficient log lifting every time - all from the safety and comfort of the crane cabin. HiVision™ is the first fully digitalised solution that gives a 270 degree view horizontally and 130 degree view vertically using external cameras mounted to the body of the equipment. The virtual reality technology assesses the external working conditions so the operator can stay safely within the truck cabin. Once the ‘target’ has been identified, the system allows the operator to guide the crane using an electronic joystick mounted on each armrest of the truck’s passenger seat. 

Small-size private-owned forest areas are common in Portugal in particular North of the Tagus River. Small patches of forest hinder proper forest management, often leading to increased unmanaged areas more prone to wildfires, pests and diseases. The Baixo Vouga Forest owners association has developed a program of forest area aggregation to tackle this problem by grouping of contiguous areas with the overall aim of facilitating management operations. This will consequently reduce the occurrence of hazards, improve and increase well-managed areas, increase return and motivate investment. To implement the program, at least 5 forest owners with at least 5 properties, summing-up no less than 10 hectares are rquired. Then a GPS-based inventory is carried out and a forest management plan is developed. The program is based on quota-based investments and revenues that will be distributed among those involved with the aim of increasing the engagement, motivation and appreciation of all the agents involved. So far, several areas have been aggregated covering different number of forest owners (e.g. Panasqueira, Águeda, 15 properties belonging to 12 forest owners were aggregated resulting in c.a. 11 thousand ha of forest planted and managed under the same forest management plan) and there are other, more ambitious, still ongoing (e.g. in Lavandeira, Vagos, 211 properties belonging to 138 forest owners were aggregated resulting in c.a. 73 thousand ha).

Taking into account the carbon issue in forest management is becoming more and more important in France, giving rise to research and development projects. The Climafor software responds to a challenge: to make carbon calculations easier to access and less time consuming. The data sources used (production tables, calculation coefficients) are now well known. Climafor integrates them into a single tool, which does not require any special training. The calculations are instantaneous and the results can be used directly in a forest carbon project. The calculations made by the software are based on production tables for each species and different coefficients from research. The software will be continuously improved by updating the different parameters and adding new tables. For the moment, it is being developed by the IDF (Institute of Forestry Development), the R&D branch of the CNPF.

Forest consolidation is seen as a solution instrument for the fragmentation of small private forests in Bavaria. The focus of this project: perspectives for the involved authorities, professionals, communities and forest owners. Furthermore, the establishment and development processes as well as the evaluation of the forest consolidations from the perspective of the involved stakeholders was qualitatively analyzed in thee case studies

 For forest consolidations the following actions are recommended:
If possible: increased implementation of the voluntary exchange of land
Use of successful examples in structural improvement activities as role models when new forest consolidations are initiated
Keep the duration of the procedure as short as possible
Intensive cooperation of the involved authorities
Planning and implementation of the forest consolidation adjusted to the situation and with special attention on key activities

Regarding the effect of forest consolidation on the mobilization of wood the following conclusions are drawn:
The effect of forest consolidation on the size of the property is only limited
Forest consolidation can help forest owners with strong forest owner motives to manage their forests how they want to and thereby increase the use of wood and intensify marketing activities
Relationships to the forestry communication network (becoming a member of forestry associations, getting advice from forest administration) are being intensified or created
Forest administration and forestry associations need to get connected to forest owners and support them throughout the forest consolidation to create trust

In 2008, Regional Forest Owner Days were held in 7 different locations, namely Kempten, Grub/Bamberg, Lohr, Ansbach, Traunstein, Bad Kötzting and Röhrnbach.
The events consisted of three conceptionally independent parts. Except from scientific speeches concerning the topic forest management, in nearly all locations there was also a professional exhibition. The target group of the forest owners therefore was addressed in a multidimensional way: with knowledge, experiences and leisure offerings.

·         Owners of very small forests could be interested in the regional forest owner days with personal invitations in cooperation with agricultural associations
The success rate of the invitations to the event altogether was 15 %
The visitors of the event most prominently remembered the exhibition, these memories exceeded the memories of the stage play and the speeches

Concerning the impact of the forest owner days on the changes in taking action of the forest owners, a dissertation found that those forest owners who were already organized in forestry associations engaged a little more in their forests after the event than those who were not members of forestry associations. They reacted faster after the event, followed contacts straight forward, took action faster in their forests and were generally more active.